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That's just basic genetics, which you can find if you google.

Basically there are three types of genetic combinations. Homozygous Dominant (AA), heterozygous (Aa) and Homozygous Recessive (aa). Some genes only show when you have both recessive copies, like satin which in this case, instead of a it would be sa. When someone says "a horse is dominant/recessive for such and such gene" it means they usually only have that certain allele. I learned all of this in year 1 biology in highschool, which is why I used this terminology. It may be different elsewhere.

allele = a part of a gene, eg a or A.

The kit mutations show no matter what else is with it, for example a horse with kitw20kitr would exhibit both roan and the w20 gene.

I don't know what you mean by numbers....but I hope this helped out a bit!

@Goobanni if you do focus on beginner genetics and punnet squares. The Punnet squares are about predicting the probability of getting a certain gene when you cross two animals together. You shouldn't need to go into any great depth and if you have specific questions we're all here to help out. I'm sure a few other members are far more knowledgeable in genetics than I am lol (I like Chemistry more).